Evidence Favoring Molybdenum−Carbon Bond Formation in Xanthine Oxidase Action: ¹⁷O- and ¹³C-ENDOR and Kinetic Studies

Authors

Barry D. Howes, University of SussexFollow
Robert C. Bray, University of SussexFollow
Raymond L. Richards, University of SussexFollow
Nigel A. Turner, University of SussexFollow
Brian Bennett, Marquette UniversityFollow
David J. Lowe, University of SussexFollow

Document Type

Article

Language

eng

Format of Original

12 p.

Publication Date

2-6-1996

Publisher

American Chemical Society

Source Publication

Biochemistry

Source ISSN

0006-2960

Original Item ID

doi: 10.1021/bi9520500

Abstract

The reaction mechanism of the molybdoenzyme xanthine oxidase has been further investigated by ¹³C and ¹⁷O ENDOR of molybdenum(V) species and by kinetic studies of exchange of oxygen isotopes. Three EPR signal-giving species were studied:  (i) Very Rapid, a transient intermediate in substrate turnover, (ii) Inhibited, the product of an inhibitory side reaction with aldehyde substrates, and (iii) Alloxanthine, a species formed by reaction of reduced enzyme with the inhibitor, alloxanthine. The Very Rapid signal was developed either with [8-¹³C]xanthine or with 2-oxo-6-methylpurine using enzyme equilibrated with [¹⁷O]H₂O. The Inhibited signal was developed with ²H¹³C²HO and the Alloxanthine signal by using [¹⁷O]H₂O. Estimates of Mo−C distances were made, from the anisotropic components of the ¹³C-couplings, by corrected dipolar coupling calculations and by back-calculation from assumed possible structures. Estimated distances in the Inhibited and Very Rapid species were about 1.9 and less than 2.4 Å, respectively. A Mo−C bond in the Inhibited species is very strongly suggested, presumably associated with side-on bonding to molybdenum of the carbonyl of the aldehyde substrate. For the Very Rapid species, a Mo−C bond is highly likely. Coupling from a strongly coupled ¹⁷O, not in the form of an oxo group, and no coupling from other oxygens was detected in the Very Rapid species. No coupled oxygens were detected in the Alloxanthine species. That the coupled oxygen of the Very Rapid species is the one that appears in the product uric acid molecule was confirmed by new kinetic data. It is concluded that this oxygen of the Very Rapid species does not, as frequently assumed, originate from the oxo group of the oxidized enzyme. A new turnover mechanism is proposed, not involving direct participation of the oxo ligand group, and based on that of Coucouvanis et al. [Coucouvanis, D., Toupadakis, A., Lane, J. D., Koo, S. M., Kim, C. G., Hadjikyriacou, A. (1991) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 5271−5282]. It involves formal addition of the elements of the substrate (e.g., xanthine) across the MoS double bond, to give a Mo(VI) species. This is followed by attack of a “buried” water molecule (in the vicinity of molybdenum and perhaps a ligand of it) on the bound substrate carbon, to give an intermediate that on intramolecular one-electron oxidation gives the Very Rapid species. The latter, in keeping with the ¹³C, ¹⁷O, and ³³S couplings, is presumed to have the 8-CO group of the uric acid product molecule bonded side-on to molybdenum, with the sulfido molybdenum ligand retained, as in the oxidized enzyme.

Comments

Accepted version. Biochemistry, Vol. 35, No. 5 (February 6, 1996): 1432-1443. DOI.

Brian Bennett was affiliated with University of Sussex at the time of publication.

Recommended Citation

Howes, Barry D.; Bray, Robert C.; Richards, Raymond L.; Turner, Nigel A.; Bennett, Brian; and Lowe, David J., "Evidence Favoring Molybdenum−Carbon Bond Formation in Xanthine Oxidase Action: ¹⁷O- and ¹³C-ENDOR and Kinetic Studies" (1996). Physics Faculty Research and Publications. 59.
https://epublications.marquette.edu/physics_fac/59