Stimulation of the hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide induces hypophagia and thermogenesis

Document Type

Article

Language

eng

Format of Original

10 p.

Publication Date

12-2011

Publisher

American Physiological Society

Source Publication

American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

Source ISSN

0363-6119

Original Item ID

doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00334.2011

Abstract

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei (VMN) regulate energy homeostasis by integrating and utilizing behavioral and metabolic mechanisms. The VMN heavily express pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide(PACAP) type I receptors (PAC1R). Despite the receptor distribution, most PACAP experiments investigating affects on feeding have focused on intracerebroventricular (icv) administration or global knockout mice. To identify the specific contribution of PACAP signaling in the VMN, we injected PACAP directly into the VMN and measured feeding behavior and indices of energy expenditure. Following an acute injection of PACAP, nocturnal food intake was significantly reduced for six hours after injections without evidence of malaise. In addition, PACAP-induced suppression of feeding also occurred following an overnight fast and could be blocked by a specific PAC1R antagonist. Metabolically, VMN-specific injections of PACAP significantly increased both core body temperature and spontaneous locomotor activity with a concurrent increase in brown adipose uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA expression. To determine which signaling pathways were responsive to PACAP administration into the VMN, we measured mRNA expression of well-characterized hypothalamic neuropeptide regulators of feeding. One hour after PACAP administration, expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA was significantly increased in the arcuate nuclei (ARC), with no changes in neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related polypeptide (AgRP) mRNA levels. This suggests that PAC1R expressing VMN neurons projecting to POMC neurons contribute to hypophagia by involving melanocortin signaling. While the VMN also abundantly express PACAP protein, the current study demonstrates that PACAP input to the VMN can influence the control of energy homeostasis.

Comments

American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. Vol. 301 (December, 2011): R1625-R1634. DOI.

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