Document Type

Article

Publication Date

3-2025

Publisher

Elsevier

Source Publication

Journal of Water Process Engineering

Source ISSN

2214-7144

Original Item ID

DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107273

Abstract

Electrocoagulation (EC) has potential for on-site water reuse; however, it has yet to be systematically evaluated for greywater treatment. We used rigorous definitive screening design (DSD) and response surface methodology (RSM) statistical models to evaluate the influence of EC operating parameters, including charge loading (a function of time and current density) and solution temperature on the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, and E. coli in synthetic bath and laundry greywater. Aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrode combinations were tested. The Al anode combinations (AlFe or AlAl) outperformed electrode combinations using Fe as the anode for contaminant removal. Increasing EC charge loading did not consistently improve contaminant removal, such that the lower range of charge loadings tested were recommended (72–432 C L−1). The conditions offering the best holistic contaminant removal (AlFe, 20 °C) removed 51.8 % BOD5, 83.7 % TSS, and 74.6 % turbidity in bath water. Under these same operating conditions, 19.1 % BOD5, 75.5 % TSS, and 82.6 % turbidity removal were achieved in laundry water. For E. coli, a maximum of 5.5 log reduction was observed in bathwater and ≥ 6.1 log reduction was observed in laundry water. The NSF/ANSI 350–2020 standards for TSS and E. coli effluent targets were achieved using the best performing EC operating conditions in bath and laundry water, respectively. However, the BOD5 and turbidity effluent standards were not achieved. Multiple regression equations were developed and visualized using contour and surface response plots to facilitate co-optimization of operating parameters.

Comments

Accepted version. Journal of Water Processing Engineering, Vol. 71 (March 2025). DOI. © 2025 Elsevier. Used with permission.

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Available for download on Thursday, April 01, 2027

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