Date of Award

Fall 1975

Document Type

Thesis - Restricted

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department

Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering

First Advisor

Crandall, Clifford J.

Second Advisor

Zanoni, A. E.

Abstract

Natural surface water sources utilized as water supplies contain many impurities, ranging in size from a few Angstroms to a few hundred microns. Removal of the fraction of the particles greater than one micron in diameter is accomplished through sedimentation. The finer particles which will not settle out in any reasonable time period are classified as colloidal. Removal of the colloidal material is accomplished through coagulation and flocculation to produce larger particles which are settleable. The earliest use of coagulation for treatment of municipal water supplies occurred at Bolton, England, in 1881. For almost one century, an effective means of coagulation control has been sought by the water utility industry. Through this period of time, the jar test has emerged as the foremost method of coagulant chemical control. The jar test is lengthy, specific to the water sample being tested, and subjective to criteria of human judgment of 'best floc'. Although the jar test has many shortcomings, there is no practical acceptable substitute at this time. This study was initiated late in February of 1975 to evaluate the use of zeta potential measurements in controlling coagulant dosage at the Howard Avenue Water Purification Plant - Department of Milwaukee Water Works . Zeta potential measurements were taken on a Laser Zee Meter - Model 400, as manufactured by the Pen-Chem Company.

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