Long-term Effect of Ammonia- And Water-Based Silver Fluoride on Dentin Collagen Matrix

Authors

• Merve Uctasli, University of Turku
• Roda Seseogullari-Dirihan, Marquette UniversityFollow
• Thiago Henrique Scarabello Stape, University of Turku
• Mustafa Murat Mutluay, University of Turku
• Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay, University of Turku

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

4-2026

Publisher

Elsevier

Source Publication

Dental materials

Source ISSN

0109-5641

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the long-term effect of ammonia- and water-based silver fluoride treatments on the degradation of the dentin collagen matrix.

Methods

Dentin beams (0.3x3x7mm) were demineralized (10 % H₃PO₄), rinsed and randomly distributed into six groups. Groups (n = 10 beams/group) were treated with (1) ammonia-based silver fluoride = SDF; (2) SDF + potassium iodide = KI (3) water-based silver fluoride = SF (4) SF + KI (5) KI (6) untreated demineralized dentin beams served as control. Following treatments, dry mass, modulus of elasticity and enzymatic activity were assessed. Dentin beams were incubated in calcium- and zinc-containing artificial saliva up to 6 months. After different incubation periods (1 week, 1 month, 3 months or 6 months), dry mass, modulus of elasticity and enzymatic activity were reevaluated. The aliquots of incubation media were analyzed to determine the solubilized telopeptides of collagen (ICTP and CTX immunoassays), hydroxyproline release and total extractable protein (Bradford assay). Scanning electron microscopy imaging and in situ zymography analyses were conducted. Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA followed by Tukey test (α=0.05).

Results

Silver fluoride treatments reduced the total enzymatic activity, but increased the solubilized telopeptides of collagen throughout incubation periods (p <  0.05). The addition of KI exacerbated the loss of dry mass, modulus of elasticity, hydroxyproline release and total protein loss (p <  0.05).

Significance

Ammonia- and water-based silver fluoride treatments may reduce long-term degradation of dentin collagen. However, potassium iodide can further increase endogenous protease activity and compromise the structural integrity of dentin’s organic matrix.

Comments

Published version. Dental Materials, Vol. 42, No. 4 (April 2026): 533-544. DOI. © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Academy of Dental Materials.

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Recommended Citation

Uctasli, Merve; Seseogullari-Dirihan, Roda; Stape, Thiago Henrique Scarabello; Mutluay, Mustafa Murat; and Tezvergil-Mutluay, Arzu, "Long-term Effect of Ammonia- And Water-Based Silver Fluoride on Dentin Collagen Matrix" (2026). School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications. 593.
https://epublications.marquette.edu/dentistry_fac/593