Date of Award

8-1971

Degree Type

Master's Essay - Restricted

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department

Medical

First Advisor

Alvin F. Rieck

Second Advisor

Henry S. Edelhauser

Third Advisor

John P. Kampine

Abstract

The movement of glucose across the cell membrane and its metabolism inside the cell is a complex process which is influenced by multiple factors. A separation of the transport of hexose molecules from their subsequent intracellular metabolism was attempted by Levine and his co-workers (Levine et al, 1949; Levine et al, 1950; Golstein et al, 1953) who showed that in eviscerated, nephrectomized dogs the intracellular levels of infused non-metabolized sugars were greatly increased when insulin was also administered. The inference was made that the membrane transport of glucose was facilitated by insulin, and it was hypothesized that all the previously observed effects of insulin could be explained on this basis. Other workers (Park et al, 1957) studied the rat and verified the findings of Levine and his associates. The elucidation of the mechanism of insulin action on membrane transport was begun by Randle and Smith (1957, 1958a) who demonstrated that in rat diaphragms the increase in glucose uptake caused by insulin could be mimicked if the tissue were incubated anaerobically. These investigators also found that the addition of such inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation as 2,b—dinitrophenol, sodium arsenite, sodium arsenate, sodium cyanide or sodium salicylate to the aerobic system would produce an increase in glucose uptake similar to that produced by anaerobiosis. In all systems, there was a loss of potassium from the cell which was much greater in the anaerobic system and in the systems to which one of the inhibitors was added.

Comments

A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

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